In a new randomized trial, use of dexmedetomidine (Precedex) as the primary sedative in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU resulted in no reduction in 90 day mortality. Dexmedetomidine resulted in a small improvement in delirium and ventilator days, but was almost never adequate to sedate patients on its own, and brought a small increase [… read more]
Jon-Emile S. Kenny MD [@heart_lung] “Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds.” -George Eliot Considering the independent and dependent variables of ventilation marked my final contribution to the “Hospitalist and the Resuscitationist” conference in Montreal, Canada; I gave a workshop on graphical analyses of ventilation. This began with the basics of [… read more]
Continuous neuromuscular blockade for severe ARDS became common practice after the ACURASYS trial (2010) showed it reduced mortality by an absolute 9%. A larger trial, ROSE, now finds no benefit of the therapy over usual care — but leaves lingering questions due to major design differences. The ROSE trial was a multicenter randomized trial in [… read more]
Jon-Emile S. Kenny MD [@heart_lung] “I am fearful, or suspicious of generalizations … they cannot guide me reliably in making decisions about particular individuals.” -Ruth Bader Ginsburg Between the 22nd and 24th of May, I participated in the “Hospitalist and the Resuscitationist” conference in Montreal, Canada. I spoke on the stanchions of physiology and evidence [… read more]
Jon-Emile S. Kenny MD [@heart_lung] “There is no power for change greater than a community discovering what it cares about.” -Margaret J. Wheatley Between the 22nd and 24th of May, I participated in the galvanic, second-annual “Hospitalist and the Resuscitationist” conference in Montreal, Canada. The entirety of this meeting was organized by Dr. Philippe Rola [… read more]
Jon-Emile S. Kenny MD [@heart_lung] More than 20 years ago Amato and colleagues reported a significant mortality reduction in ARDS patients who had their ventilator settings guided by the pressure-volume [PV] curve [1]. The 28-day mortality reduction was profound – 71% versus 38% – in favour of the patients who had their positive end-expiratory pressure [… read more]
Jon-Emile S. Kenny MD [@heart_lung] “I am suffocated and lost when I have not the bright feeling of progression” -Margaret Fuller A recent letter and review in Critical Care have called for adoption of the ‘Open Lung Approach’ to patients with severe ARDS. More specifically, in refractory ARDS whilst prone, it is argued that esophageal [… read more]
“Nihilist” is one of the harshest insults that can be lobbed at a physician. Even while one knows intellectually that every patient can’t be saved, it’s considered odious to openly acknowledge that actuarial reality. Accepting the truth that some patients will inevitably die despite our best efforts is seen by some as the threshold of [… read more]
In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), using pleural pressure to adjust positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has long been considered a cumbersome but theoretically ideal technique to optimize ventilator management. Using esophageal pressure as a surrogate for pleural pressure can allow one to calculate and minimize the transpulmonary pressure gradient, elevations in which are the putative [… read more]
A review of studies comparing 24/7 in-house intensivist physician coverage with less-intensive models (with no intensivist in the ICU overnight) found no clear or consistent benefits associated with in-house intensivist coverage. Authors informally reviewed about 50 previous studies and meta-analyses. They concluded that in-house intensivists overnight might reduce ICU length of stay by a few [… read more]
A randomized trial confirmed what most intensivists have long believed and practiced: in the moments before endotracheal intubation, we should help patients achieve the highest arterial oxygen saturation possible, using bag-mask ventilation (BMV). This seems self evident — why wouldn’t we? Bag-mask ventilation can distend the stomach with air, potentially increasing the risk for vomiting [… read more]
Guidelines advise physicians give large boluses of intravenous crystalloid infusions (two to three liters, generally) to patients with septic shock. Vasopressors are typically begun only if patients’ blood pressure remains low after fluid administration. A vocal minority of researchers have advised against delaying vasopressors in septic shock, arguing that norepinephrine, not intravenous fluid, is the [… read more]
by Nicole Lou, Contributing Writer, MedPage Today HONOLULU — Andexanet alfa (Andexxa), the reversal agent for anticoagulants in the factor Xa inhibitor class, worked for patients who developed acute major bleeding while on one of these agents, the full report of the ANNEXA-4 study confirmed. A bolus of the antidote saw median anti-factor Xa activity drop more [… read more]
Intensive insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose in the normal range has immense intuitive appeal. Hyperglycemia is associated with bad outcomes in numerous conditions, and we have the tools at hand to rigorously control it. How could that not help people? Unfortunately, intensive insulin therapy doesn’t seem to help at all, and may harm patients. [… read more]
The FDA is advising physicians that in post-approval data, 30-day survival rates with Abiomed’s Impella RP right ventricular assist device have been only 17%, compared to 73% in the RECOVER RIGHT study leading to the device’s approval in 2017. There were only 60 patients in the post-approval study, who had significantly worse clinical status at [… read more]
Jon-Emile S. Kenny MD [@heart_lung] The mechanical power applied to the lung is a risk factor for ventilator or ventilation-induced lung injury [VILI] [1-4]. But can the work done to the lung over time be homogenized into a single value? Could different components of the power equation carry different VILI risk beyond their mathematical inequalities [… read more]
Jon-Emile S. Kenny MD [@heart_lung] A few years ago I was intrigued by a new concept in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury [VILI] – the mechanical power. I employed this paradigm, introduced by Gattinoni’s group, as an opening for the ‘ARDS Trilogy.’ Since then, I have also discussed this ‘ergotrauma’ in the context of helium-oxygen physiology and [… read more]
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed to mechanically ventilated patients to prevent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. The evidence for their use is not strong; individual randomized trials have not shown a clear benefit over histamine blockers, but when many trials were pooled into meta-analyses, PPIs do appear to be superior. The Surviving Sepsis Guidelines have [… read more]
About one in five patients with cancer will develop pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep venous thrombosis (DVT), together called venous thromboembolism (VTE). Cancer patients who develop VTE are four times more likely to have experience another (recurrent) DVT or PE. Twice-daily injections of enoxaparin are advised for patients with cancer-related DVT/PE, or who are at [… read more]
by Molly Walker, Staff Writer, MedPage Today Omadacycline, a novel antibiotic in the tetracycline class, was non-inferior to standard of care for both community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections, two randomized trials found. There was no significant difference in early clinical response among patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia randomized to omadacycline and those [… read more]
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